From owner-chemistry@ccl.net Sun Nov 20 08:18:01 2011 From: "Jun Zhang coolrainbow]![yahoo.cn" To: CCL Subject: CCL: Tddft and tdhf accuracy Message-Id: <-45903-111120075341-16263-VN9RSzBLhaKS6hQf0yRYbA]![server.ccl.net> X-Original-From: Jun Zhang Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="1134044226-1297224571-1321793610=:77337" Date: Sun, 20 Nov 2011 20:53:30 +0800 (CST) MIME-Version: 1.0 Sent to CCL by: Jun Zhang [coolrainbow .. yahoo.cn] --1134044226-1297224571-1321793610=:77337 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dear Eli:=0A=C2=A0=0AIt is widely accepted that TDDFT works bad for conjuga= te systems, especially for large ones. =0ABut this does not mean that TDDFT= is a bad one. In fact, it is a routinely applied method and=0Afor most cas= es it can give a qualitatively correct result, except for cases such as cha= rge transfer =0Aexcitation, Rydberg states, and large conjugate molecules m= etioned above. =0A=C2=A0=0ATDHF, whose was called RPA in the past, is somew= hat old and less used. But, you can perform a =0Abenchmark calculation for = your own system with TDDFT, TDHF with different basis sets, and =0Adecide w= itch model is the most suitable for your system.=0A=C2=A0=0ABest regards!= =0A=0A----------------------------------------------------------------=0AJu= n Zhang (coolrainbow-#-yahoo.cn)=0AComputational Chemistry Group=0ANo.94, Wei= jinlu=0ANankai University =0ATianjin, China=0A =0A=0A______________________= __________=0A =E5=8F=91=E4=BB=B6=E4=BA=BA=EF=BC=9A Eli Lam elizabeth.shlam(= ~)gmail.com =0A=E6=94=B6=E4=BB=B6=E4=BA=BA=EF=BC= =9A "Zhang, Jun " =0A=E5=8F=91=E9=80=81=E6= =97=A5=E6=9C=9F=EF=BC=9A 2011=E5=B9=B411=E6=9C=8820=E6=97=A5, =E6=98=9F=E6= =9C=9F=E6=97=A5, =E4=B8=8A=E5=8D=88 8:40=0A=E4=B8=BB=E9=A2=98: CCL: Tddft a= nd tdhf accuracy=0A =0A=0ASent to CCL by: "Eli=C2=A0 Lam" [elizabeth.shlam-= *-gmail.com]=0ADear all,=0A=0AI've learnt that tddft and tdhf both are meth= ods for calculating excited states and electronic =0Atransitions.=C2=A0 I w= ould like to ask which method is more accurate and give a "better" picture = to an =0Aorganometallic molecule's excited state, for example?=C2=A0 =0A=0A= I have learnt that tddft is not good for high excited states calculations b= ut generally good for =0Aradicals.=C2=A0 But would it be good for neutral m= olecules too?=C2=A0 And in particular, I found tddft seems =0Ato have under= estimated much for very conjugated systems. A friend said it's because tddf= t is =0Abased on ground state, and for excited states, hf does a better job= .=C2=A0 I would like to ask for more =0Aviews on that.=C2=A0 And would you = please suggest some readings concerning the issue?=C2=A0 Thanks so =0Amuch!= =0A=0ARegards, =0AEli=0A=0A=0A=0A-=3D This is automatically added to each m= essage by the mailing script =3D-=0ATo recover the email address of the aut= hor of the message, please change=0Athe strange characters on the top line = to the -#- sign. You can also=0Alook up the X-Original-From: line in the mail= header.=0A=0A=0A=C2=A0 =C2= =A0 =C2=A0=0A=0AE-mail to a= dministrators: CHEMISTRY-REQUEST-#-ccl.net or use=0A=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 http= ://www.ccl.net/cgi-bin/ccl/send_ccl_message=0A=0A=0A= =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=0A=0ABefo= re posting, check wait time at: http://www.ccl.net=0A=0AJob: http://www.ccl= .net/jobs =0AConferences: http://server.ccl.net/chemistry/announcements/con= ferences/=0A=0ASearch Messages: http://www.ccl.net/chemistry/searchccl/inde= x.shtml=0A=0A=0A=C2= =A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=0A=0ARTFI: http://www.ccl= .net/chemistry/aboutccl/instructions/ --1134044226-1297224571-1321793610=:77337 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Dear Eli:<= /span>
 
It is widely accepted = that TDDFT works bad for conjugate systems, especially for large ones.
But this does not mean that TDDFT is a bad one. In fact= , it is a routinely applied method and
for most case= s it can give a qualitatively correct result, except for cases such as char= ge transfer
excitation, Rydberg states, and large c= onjugate molecules metioned above.
 
TDHF, whose was called RPA in the past, is somewhat old and l= ess used. But, you can perform a
benchmark calculat= ion for your own system with TDDFT, TDHF with different basis sets, and
decide witch model is the most suitable for your system.
 
Best regards!=
 
----------------------------------------------------------------
Jun = Zhang (coolrainbow-#-yahoo.cn)
Computational Chemistry Group
No.94, Wei= jinlu
Nankai University
Tianjin, China
=
=E5=8F=91=E4=BB=B6=E4=BA=BA= =EF=BC=9A Eli Lam elizabeth.shlam(~)gmail.com <owner-chemistr= y-#-ccl.net>
=E6=94=B6=E4=BB=B6= =E4=BA=BA=EF=BC=9A "Zhang, Jun " <coolrainbow-#-yahoo.cn>
= =E5=8F=91=E9=80=81=E6=97=A5=E6=9C=9F=EF=BC=9A 2011=E5=B9=B411=E6= =9C=8820=E6=97=A5, =E6=98=9F=E6=9C=9F=E6=97=A5, =E4=B8=8A=E5=8D=88 8:40
= =E4=B8=BB=E9=A2=98: CCL: = Tddft and tdhf accuracy


Sent to CCL by: "Eli  Lam"= [elizabeth.shlam-*-gmail.com]
Dear all,

I've learnt that tddft a= nd tdhf both are methods for calculating excited states and electronic
= transitions.  I would like to ask which method is more accurate and gi= ve a "better" picture to an
organometallic molecule's excited state, fo= r example? 

I have learnt that tddft is not good for high exci= ted states calculations but generally good for
radicals.  But woul= d it be good for neutral molecules too?  And in particular, I found td= dft seems
to have underestimated much for very conjugated systems. A fr= iend said it's because tddft is
based on ground state, and for excited = states, hf does a better job.  I would like to ask for more
views on that.&n= bsp; And would you please suggest some readings concerning the issue? = Thanks so
much!

Regards,
Eli



-=3D This is au= tomatically added to each message by the mailing script =3D-
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=
--1134044226-1297224571-1321793610=:77337-- From owner-chemistry@ccl.net Sun Nov 20 16:23:01 2011 From: "John McKelvey jmmckel++gmail.com" To: CCL Subject: CCL: Tddft and tdhf accuracy Message-Id: <-45904-111120140906-4194-/o8P1ibP953CLaG6M4rXRw:-:server.ccl.net> X-Original-From: John McKelvey Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=f46d041706195b67dd04b22f4d2b Date: Sun, 20 Nov 2011 14:08:57 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Sent to CCL by: John McKelvey [jmmckel!^!gmail.com] --f46d041706195b67dd04b22f4d2b Content-Type: text/plain; charset=GB2312 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable IHello... I heard from the late Michael Zerner, author of the semiempirical ZINDO code, "Nothing is so semiempirical as an ab initio calculation." ... meaning that all methods have to be calibrated. My experience with hunderds TDDFT calculations and thousands of TDHF/RPA INDO/S calculations is consistent with this. John McKelvey On Sun, Nov 20, 2011 at 7:53 AM, Jun Zhang coolrainbow]![yahoo.cn < owner-chemistry _ ccl.net> wrote: > Dear Eli: > > It is widely accepted that TDDFT works bad for conjugate systems, > especially for large ones. > But this does not mean that TDDFT is a bad one. In fact, it is a routinel= y > applied method and > for most cases it can give a qualitatively correct result, except for > cases such as charge transfer > excitation, Rydberg states, and large conjugate molecules metioned above. > > TDHF, whose was called RPA in the past, is somewhat old and less used. > But, you can perform a > benchmark calculation for your own system with TDDFT, TDHF with different > basis sets, and > decide witch model is the most suitable for your system. > > Best regards! > > ---------------------------------------------------------------- > Jun Zhang (coolrainbow:-:yahoo.cn) > Computational Chemistry Group > No.94, Weijinlu > Nankai University > Tianjin, China > *=B7=A2=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA* Eli Lam elizabeth.shlam(~)gmail.com > *=CA=D5=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA* "Zhang, Jun " > *=B7=A2=CB=CD=C8=D5=C6=DA=A3=BA* 2011=C4=EA11=D4=C220=C8=D5, =D0=C7=C6=DA= =C8=D5, =C9=CF=CE=E7 8:40 > *=D6=F7=CC=E2:* CCL: Tddft and tdhf accuracy > > > Sent to CCL by: "Eli Lam" [elizabeth.shlam-*-gmail.com] > Dear all, > > I've learnt that tddft and tdhf both are methods for calculating excited > states and electronic > transitions. I would like to ask which method is more accurate and give = a > "better" picture to an > organometallic molecule's excited state, for example? > > I have learnt that tddft is not good for high excited states calculations > but generally good for > radicals. But would it be good for neutral molecules too? And in > particular, I found tddft seems > to have underestimated much for very conjugated systems. A friend said > it's because tddft is > based on ground state, and for excited states, hf does a better job. I > would like to ask for more > views on that. And would you please suggest some readings concerning the > issue? Thanks so > much! > > Regards, > Eli > > > > -=3D This is automatically added to each message by the mailing script = =3D-> the strange characters on the top line to the :-: sign. You can also> > E-mail to subscribers: CHEMISTRY:-:ccl.net or use:> > E-mail to administrators: CHEMISTRY-REQUEST:-:ccl.net or use> > > > > --=20 John McKelvey 10819 Middleford Pl Ft Wayne, IN 46818 260-489-2160 jmmckel _ gmail.com --f46d041706195b67dd04b22f4d2b Content-Type: text/html; charset=GB2312 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
IHello...

I heard from the late Michael Zerner, author of the semiempirical ZINDO
code, "Nothing is so semiempirical as an ab initio calculation." =
...
meaning that all methods have to be calibrated.  My experience with
hunderds TDDFT calculations and thousands of TDHF/RPA INDO/S  calculations =
is consistent
with this.

John McKelvey


On Sun, Nov 20, 2011 = at 7:53 AM, Jun Zhang coolrainbow]![yahoo.cn <owner-ch= emistry _ ccl.net> wrote:
<= div> Dear Eli:
 
It is = widely accepted that TDDFT works bad for conjugate systems, especially for = large ones.
But this does not mean that TDDFT is a = bad one. In fact, it is a routinely applied method and
for most cases it can give a qualitatively correct result, excep= t for cases such as charge transfer
excitation, Ryd= berg states, and large conjugate molecules metioned above.
 
TDHF, whose was called RPA in the = past, is somewhat old and less used. But, you can perform a
benchmark calculation for your own system with TDDFT, TDHF with di= fferent basis sets, and
decide witch model is the most suitable for your system.
 
Best regards!=
 
------------------= ----------------------------------------------
Jun Zhang (coolrainbow:-:= yahoo.cn)
Computational Chemistry Group
No.94, Weijinlu
Nankai University
T= ianjin, China
=B7=A2=BC=FE=C8=CB= =A3=BA Eli Lam elizabeth.shlam(~)gmail.com <owner-chemistry:-:ccl.net>
=CA=D5=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA &q= uot;Zhang, Jun " <coolrainbow:-:yahoo.cn>
=B7=A2=CB=CD=C8=D5=C6=DA=A3= =BA 2011=C4=EA11=D4=C220=C8=D5, =D0=C7=C6=DA=C8=D5, =C9=CF=CE=E7= 8:40
=D6=F7=CC=E2: CCL:= Tddft and tdhf accuracy


Sent to CCL by: "Eli  Lam" [elizabeth.shlam= -*-
gmail.com]
Dear al= l,

I've learnt that tddft and tdhf both are methods for calculat= ing excited states and electronic
transitions.  I would like to ask which method is more accurate and gi= ve a "better" picture to an
organometallic molecule's exc= ited state, for example? 

I have learnt that tddft is not good= for high excited states calculations but generally good for
radicals.  But would it be good for neutral molecules too?  And i= n particular, I found tddft seems
to have underestimated much for very = conjugated systems. A friend said it's because tddft is
based on gr= ound state, and for excited states, hf does a better job.  I would like to ask for more
views on that.&n= bsp; And would you please suggest some readings concerning the issue? = Thanks so
much!

Regards,
Eli



-=3D This is au= tomatically added to each message by the mailing script =3D-the strange characters on the top line to the :-: sign. You can also
lo= ok up the X-Original-From: line in the mail header.

E-mail to subscr= ibers: CHEMISTRY:-= :ccl.net or use:
      http://www.ccl.net/cgi-bin/ccl/send_ccl_message=

E-mail to administrators: CHEMISTRY-REQUEST:-:ccl.net or use
      http://www.ccl.net/cgi-bin/ccl/send_ccl_message=
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Before posting, check wait time at: http://www.ccl.net

Job: http://www.ccl.net/jobs
Conferences: http://server.ccl.net/chemistry/announcements/conferences/<= br>
Search Messages: http://www.ccl.net/chemistry/searchccl/index.sht= ml
&nb= sp;     http://www.ccl.net/spammers.txt

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--
John McKelvey
10819 Middleford Pl
Ft Wayne, IN 46818
26= 0-489-2160
jmmckel _ gmail.com --f46d041706195b67dd04b22f4d2b-- From owner-chemistry@ccl.net Sun Nov 20 18:59:01 2011 From: "Dr. Lars Goerigk lars.goerigk+*+chem.usyd.edu.au" To: CCL Subject: CCL: Tddft and tdhf accuracy Message-Id: <-45905-111120180517-13024-j8kt1egSn+HN11jh5UgsEw+*+server.ccl.net> X-Original-From: "Dr. Lars Goerigk" Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------080202010404090404090305" Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2011 10:05:20 +1100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Sent to CCL by: "Dr. Lars Goerigk" [lars.goerigk===chem.usyd.edu.au] This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --------------080202010404090404090305 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Dear Eli, the basis for TDDFT and TDHF is in principle the same. You perform a linear-response calculation based on your ground state DFT or HF result. In general TDHF can give wrong excitation energies to up to 1eV. This error is usually very systematic, so people sometimes apply constant shifts to the energies. When applying TDDFT, one always has to consider the functional, which is used. Particularly for larger systems, low-lying artifical states can be observed (so-called "ghost states"). This is particularly true for large conjugated systems and is probably also the reason for your problem. The reason for this is the so-called self-interaction error. GGA functionals (PBE, BLYP, BP86, etc.) are known to give many ghost-states. Therefore, you would have to calculate many states, before you actually find the "real" state you are looking for. You can solve this problem by using a hybrid functional, but also B3LYP (20% Fock-exchange) can still suffer from ghost-states, so you may have to use hybrids with larger fractions of Fock-exchange. Another thing to consider is the fact that some excited states in large conjugated systems have an ionic character and these states (so-called La states) are usually also underestimated. Again, this problem can be solved by using hybrid functionals with larger amounts of Fock-exchange. A rule of thumb is to use about 25% Fock-exchange for smaller molecules, and about 40-50 % for larger conjugated systems. Another possibilty would be to apply double-hybrids (available in ORCA), as they tend to be more robust and accurate in these cases. Range-separated hybrids also help for ionic states, however, they can overestimate non-ionic Lb-like states and give similar results to high-Fock-exchange functionals. If you want to know more about the performance of various functionals for different systems, I suggest to read the following benchmark papers and references therein: - Chem. Phys. 2003, 292, 11. - PCCP 2009, 11, 4611. - JCTC 2009, 5, 2420. - J. Chem. Phys 2010, 132, 184103. - JCTC 2011, 7, 1296. - JCTC 2011, 7, 3272. One final recommendation: never rely on only one functional, but try to do some preliminary tests with e.g. two different functionals to rule out any artifacts. Good luck with your problem. Cheers, Lars Dr. Lars Goerigk School of Chemistry (Building F11) The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia On 20/11/2011 11:40 AM, Eli Lam elizabeth.shlam(~)gmail.com wrote: > Sent to CCL by: "Eli Lam" [elizabeth.shlam-*-gmail.com] > Dear all, > > I've learnt that tddft and tdhf both are methods for calculating excited states and electronic > transitions. I would like to ask which method is more accurate and give a "better" picture to an > organometallic molecule's excited state, for example? > > I have learnt that tddft is not good for high excited states calculations but generally good for > radicals. But would it be good for neutral molecules too? And in particular, I found tddft seems > to have underestimated much for very conjugated systems. A friend said it's because tddft is > based on ground state, and for excited states, hf does a better job. I would like to ask for more > views on that. And would you please suggest some readings concerning the issue? Thanks so > much! > > Regards, > Eli> > --------------080202010404090404090305 Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Dear Eli,

the basis for TDDFT and TDHF is in principle the same. You perform a linear-response calculation based on your ground state DFT or HF result.
In general TDHF can give wrong excitation energies to up to 1eV. This error is usually very systematic, so people sometimes apply constant
shifts to the energies.

When applying TDDFT, one always has to consider the functional, which is used.
Particularly for larger systems, low-lying artifical states can be observed (so-called "ghost states").
This is particularly true for large conjugated systems and is probably also the reason for your problem.
The reason for this is the so-called self-interaction error. GGA functionals (PBE, BLYP, BP86, etc.) are known to give many ghost-states. Therefore, you would have to calculate many states, before you actually find the "real" state you are looking for.
You can solve this problem by using a hybrid functional, but also B3LYP (20% Fock-exchange) can still suffer from ghost-states, so you may have to use hybrids with larger
fractions of Fock-exchange.

Another thing to consider is the fact that some excited states in large conjugated systems have an ionic character and these states (so-called La states) are usually also underestimated.
Again, this problem can be solved by using hybrid functionals with larger amounts of Fock-exchange.

A rule of thumb is to use about 25% Fock-exchange for smaller molecules, and about 40-50 % for larger conjugated systems. Another possibilty would be to apply double-hybrids (available in ORCA), as they tend to be more robust and accurate in these cases. Range-separated hybrids also help for ionic states, however, they can overestimate non-ionic Lb-like states and give similar results to high-Fock-exchange functionals.

If you want to know more about the performance of various functionals for different systems, I suggest to read the following benchmark papers and references therein:

- Chem. Phys. 2003, 292, 11.
- PCCP 2009, 11, 4611.
- JCTC 2009, 5, 2420.
- J. Chem. Phys 2010, 132, 184103.
- JCTC 2011, 7, 1296.
- JCTC 2011, 7, 3272.

One final recommendation: never rely on only one functional, but try to do some preliminary tests with e.g. two different functionals to rule out any artifacts.

Good luck with your problem.
Cheers,
Lars

Dr. Lars Goerigk
School of Chemistry (Building F11)
The University of Sydney, NSW 2006
Australia


On 20/11/2011 11:40 AM, Eli Lam elizabeth.shlam(~)gmail.com wrote:
Sent to CCL by: "Eli  Lam" [elizabeth.shlam-*-gmail.com]
Dear all,

I've learnt that tddft and tdhf both are methods for calculating excited states and electronic 
transitions.  I would like to ask which method is more accurate and give a "better" picture to an 
organometallic molecule's excited state, for example?  

I have learnt that tddft is not good for high excited states calculations but generally good for 
radicals.  But would it be good for neutral molecules too?  And in particular, I found tddft seems 
to have underestimated much for very conjugated systems. A friend said it's because tddft is 
based on ground state, and for excited states, hf does a better job.  I would like to ask for more 
views on that.  And would you please suggest some readings concerning the issue?  Thanks so 
much!

Regards, 
EliE-mail to subscribers: CHEMISTRY||ccl.net or use:
      http://www.ccl.net/cgi-bin/ccl/send_ccl_message

E-mail to administrators: CHEMISTRY-REQUEST||ccl.net or use
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--------------080202010404090404090305-- From owner-chemistry@ccl.net Sun Nov 20 21:14:00 2011 From: "Evert Jan Baerends e.j.baerends]~[vu.nl" To: CCL Subject: CCL: Tddft and tdhf accuracy Message-Id: <-45906-111120211010-28223-JogCPQK5nTkootXxHc970g/./server.ccl.net> X-Original-From: Evert Jan Baerends Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="Apple-Mail-44--63276520" Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2011 11:08:26 +0900 MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v936) Sent to CCL by: Evert Jan Baerends [e.j.baerends*|*vu.nl] --Apple-Mail-44--63276520 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"; format=flowed; delsp=yes Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Dear Eli, TDDFT is often quite good for the lowest excited states in large molecules, when these states do not have significant charge transfer character and also no double excitation character. This is a great asset of TDDFT. However, many problems are known to occur under various circumstances, which have been documented in small molecules where accurate benchmark calculations can be done. The problem with ghost states mentioned by Lars is a consequence of the poor representation of the KS potential in the commonly used functionals (way too shallow in the molecular region, too fast decay to zero at the outside). It is documented and explained in J. Chem. Phys. 116 (2002) 9591 (see Fig. 2). Also poor oscillator strengths are caused by the deficiency in the potential. This problem, and in general the problem of Rydberg excitations (and excitations with some Rydberg character) can be solved by using one of the available improved potentials. The above paper advocates the SAOP potential. Things get worse for TDDFT when excited states potential energy surfaces are to be considered. It is well known that the simple bond breaking excitation of bonding to antibonding orbital (sigma to sigma* in H2 or in Mn2(CO)10), relevant for photochemistry, gives a totally wrong singlet excited state surface, see J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 8478 Chem. Phys. Lett. 461 (2008) 338 In for instance N2 all excitations from the three bonding orbitals (pi and sigma) to their antibonding counterparts give excited states with wrong PES's at longer N-N distances. Since TDDFT in the adiabatic approximation (which is always used) is essentially a single-excitation formalism, all excited states that involve significant double excitation character go wrong. This manifests itself again at longer bond distances. Double excited character becomes more important at longer bond length (e.g. in H2 at 5 bohr bond length the lowest excited state is the double excitation (sigma_g)^2 to (sigma_u)^2). Also in higher excited states (already at equilibrium bond length) double excitation character tends to be more important. TDDFT fails for such states. Some of the problems are highlighted in: Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 033004 and J. Chem. Phys. 130 (2009) 114104 Charge transfer excitations are a well documented problem since the paper by Dreuw and Head-Gordon. Improved methods are coming around, see recent work by Ziegler et al. and R. Baer et al. The most important problems for TDDFT thus occur for: "bond breaking" excitations (PES's). Equally bad in TDHF; double excitations (higher excited states, PES's). Probably also bad in TDHF. Rydberg states (but can be solved by calculations with good KS potentials); Maybe OK in TDHF. Charge transfer excitations (can be solved by TDHF). Regards, Evert Jan Baerends On Nov 20, 2011, at 9:40 AM, Eli Lam elizabeth.shlam(~)gmail.com wrote: > > Sent to CCL by: "Eli Lam" [elizabeth.shlam-*-gmail.com] > Dear all, > > I've learnt that tddft and tdhf both are methods for calculating > excited states and electronic > transitions. I would like to ask which method is more accurate and > give a "better" picture to an > organometallic molecule's excited state, for example? > > I have learnt that tddft is not good for high excited states > calculations but generally good for > radicals. But would it be good for neutral molecules too? And in > particular, I found tddft seems > to have underestimated much for very conjugated systems. A friend > said it's because tddft is > based on ground state, and for excited states, hf does a better > job. I would like to ask for more > views on that. And would you please suggest some readings > concerning the issue? Thanks so > much! > > Regards, > Eli > > > > -= This is automatically added to each message by the mailing script > =- > To recover the email address of the author of the message, please > change> Conferences: http://server.ccl.net/chemistry/announcements/ > conferences/> > Prof. E. J. Baerends World Class University program at Dep. of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu Pohang 790-784, Korea email: e.j.baerends%vu.nl Tel +82-54-279-5230 Secr. +82-54-279-8133 Fax +82-54-279-8137 and VU University FEW / Dep. of Chemistry De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam email: e.j.baerends%vu.nl tel. +31-20-5987623 secr. +31-20-5987519 fax: +31-20-5987629 --Apple-Mail-44--63276520 Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Dear = Eli,

TDDFT is often quite good for the lowest excited = states in large molecules, when these states do not have significant = charge transfer character and also no double excitation character. This = is a great asset of TDDFT. 

However, many = problems are known to occur under various circumstances, which have been = documented in small molecules where accurate benchmark calculations can = be done. 

The problem with ghost states = mentioned by Lars is a consequence of the poor representation of the KS = potential in the commonly used functionals (way too shallow in the = molecular region, too fast decay to zero at the outside). It is = documented and explained in 
J. Chem. Phys. 116 (2002) = 9591  (see Fig. 2).
Also poor oscillator strengths are = caused by the deficiency in the potential.
This problem, and = in general the problem of Rydberg excitations (and excitations with some = Rydberg character)  can be solved by using one of the available = improved potentials. The above paper advocates the SAOP = potential.

Things get worse for TDDFT when = excited states potential energy surfaces are to be considered. It is = well known that the simple bond breaking excitation of bonding to = antibonding orbital (sigma to sigma* in H2 or in Mn2(CO)10), relevant = for photochemistry, gives a totally wrong singlet excited state surface, = see
J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 8478
Chem. Phys. Lett. = 461 (2008) 338
In for instance N2 all excitations from the = three bonding orbitals (pi and sigma) to their antibonding counterparts = give excited states with wrong PES's at longer N-N = distances.

Since TDDFT in the adiabatic = approximation (which is always used) is essentially a single-excitation = formalism, all excited states that involve significant double excitation = character go wrong. This manifests itself again at longer bond = distances.  Double excited character becomes more important at = longer bond length (e.g. in H2 at 5 bohr bond length the lowest excited = state is the double excitation (sigma_g)^2 to (sigma_u)^2). Also in = higher excited states (already at equilibrium bond length) double = excitation character tends to be more important. TDDFT fails for such = states. 

Some of the problems are = highlighted in:  Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 033004  and J. = Chem. Phys. 130 (2009) 114104

Charge transfer = excitations are a well documented problem since the paper by Dreuw and = Head-Gordon. Improved methods are coming around, see recent work by = Ziegler et al. and R. Baer et = al.



The most = important problems for TDDFT thus occur for:
"bond breaking" = excitations (PES's).  Equally bad in TDHF;
double = excitations (higher excited states, PES's). Probably also bad in = TDHF.
Rydberg states (but can be solved by calculations with = good KS potentials); Maybe OK in TDHF.
Charge transfer = excitations (can be solved by = TDHF).

Regards,
Evert Jan = Baerends



On = Nov 20, 2011, at 9:40 AM, Eli Lam elizabeth.shlam(~)gmail.com = wrote:


Sent to CCL by: "Eli  Lam" = [elizabeth.shlam-*-gmail.com]
Dear all,

I've learnt that tddft = and tdhf both are methods for calculating excited states and electronic =
transitions.  I would like to ask which method is more accurate = and give a "better" picture to an
organometallic molecule's excited = state, for example?  

I have learnt that tddft is not good = for high excited states calculations but generally good for =
radicals.  But would it be good for neutral molecules too? =  And in particular, I found tddft seems
to have underestimated = much for very conjugated systems. A friend said it's because tddft is =
based on ground state, and for excited states, hf does a better job. =  I would like to ask for more
views on that.  And would = you please suggest some readings concerning the issue?  Thanks so =
much!

Regards,
Eli



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<= /div>
Prof. E. J. Baerends
World Class University program = at
Dep. of Chemistry
Pohang = University of Science and Technology
San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu
Pohang = 790-784, Korea
email: e.j.baerends%vu.nl
Tel = +82-54-279-5230
Secr. +82-54-279-8133
Fax = +82-54-279-8137
and
VU University
FEW / Dep. of Chemistry
De Boelelaan 1083
1081 HV = Amsterdam
email: e.j.baerends%vu.nl
tel. = +31-20-5987623
secr. +31-20-5987519
fax: = +31-20-5987629




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